1550 - 1650 Early Baroque Forms
Mass
Religious vocal work, with Latin text. Usually performed 'a capella' (without instruments). Composers included Palestrina, Victoria & Byrd.
Motet
Usually sacred, this is a vocal work, with Latin text. A capella. Composers included Palestrina, Victoria & Byrd.
Anthem
Religious vocal work with English text. Full Anthem is for a capella choir where Verse Anthems are with instrumental accompaniment and often include soloists. Composers included Byrd, Tallis & Gibbons.
Oratorio
Religious vocal work telling a story. Sung by choir (accompanied by orchestra) and soloists and split into choruses, recititives & arias. Not staged.
Opera
Usually secular vocal work (accompanied by orchestra), staged as a theatrical performance and often telling stories from Greek mythology. Test tended to be in Italian and work split into choruses, recititives, arias, as well as instrumental sections and dances. Composers in this period included Monteverdi.
Madrigal
Secular vocal pieces for a small group of singers, usually with one voice per part. Text would be either in English or Italian (depending on the composer's choice of libretto). Composers included Morley, Byrd, Wilbye, Gesualdo & Monteverdi.
Canzona
Work for keyboard, lute or instrumental ensemble. Composers included Gabriali and Frescobaldi.
Ricercare / Fantasia
Works for solo instrument or instrumental ensemble with a contrapuntal texture. Composers included Gabriali and Frescobaldi.
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