1650 - 1750 Late Baroque Forms
Opera
Secular vocal work with orchestral accompaniment. Text in Italian, French or English. Often included overtures and sections such as choruses, ariosos and ensemble pieces. Composers included Handel, Scarlatti, Lully & Purcell.
Oratorio
Sacred religious work that tells a biblical story, in English. Composers included Handel, the most famous work in this genre by him being The Messiah.
Cantata
Religious vocal work with German text. These were split into recits, arias, choruses, duets / trios, overtures and also instrumental movements. Composers included J. S. Bach.
Mass
Religious work with Latin words and written for Christian ceremony. Included choruses, arias and duets. Typical composer is Bach.
Passion
Religious work based on the story of the crusifixion of Jesus Christ. Text is normally in German and Bach was among the composers of these works.
Concerto
Either a work for solo instrument accompanied by a larger body of instruments (orchestra) or, in the case of Concerto Grosso, a piece for two groups of instruments that contrast with one another : the concertino (usually 2 violins, cello and continuo) and the ripieno (the rest of the orchestra). Composers of this form included Vivaldi and Corelli.
Suite
A series of dances for keyboard, orchestra or trio sonata ensemble (sonata de camera). Dances would be from around Europe : Allemande, Courante, Saraband & Gigue - mostly in binary form. Composers included Bach, Purcell, Couperin, Handel & Telemann.
Trio Sonata
Piece for 2 x violin, cello & continuo. Composers included Corelli, Purcell, Bach & Handel.
Overture
Orchestral piece written as a prelude to an opera or oratorio. Two types : French Overture, in slow-fast-slow form, usually with dotted rhythms to start and then going into a fugal section. Italian Overture, in fast-slow-fast form and only used for opera. Composers included Lully, Purcell, Bach, Handel & Scarlatti.
Solo Sonata
Mostly harpsichord pieces in binary form, often in two movements. Sonatas also were composed for orchestral instruments of the time, including violin and recorder.
Fugue
Solo keyboard pieces (performed on either harpsichord or organ). Composers included Bach and Handel.
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